[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3516},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content:\u002F2026\u002Farchlinux":3,"surround:\u002F2026\u002Farchlinux":3504},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"categories":3477,"date":3479,"description":3480,"draft":3481,"extension":3482,"image":3483,"meta":3484,"navigation":3486,"path":3487,"permalink":3487,"published":3488,"readingTime":3489,"recommend":3488,"references":3488,"seo":3494,"sitemap":3495,"stem":3496,"tags":3497,"type":3501,"updated":3502,"__hash__":3503},"content\u002Fposts\u002F2026\u002FArchLinux手动安装指北.md","ArchLinux手动安装指北",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":3396},"minimark",[9,18,64,90,95,100,129,134,138,165,196,201,217,221,224,228,232,235,248,251,255,260,263,267,270,273,279,283,287,302,305,315,319,322,328,334,340,343,349,353,364,370,374,380,426,429,435,456,460,464,467,473,480,486,507,518,524,528,531,535,538,555,568,608,618,662,731,737,751,767,773,776,791,797,800,804,811,814,820,836,842,869,872,878,881,887,890,896,928,931,937,940,946,950,954,960,1017,1020,1026,1039,1070,1073,1079,1097,1101,1104,1110,1114,1118,1124,1127,1133,1139,1143,1146,1152,1203,1248,1254,1257,1263,1266,1272,1279,1285,1295,1298,1304,1309,1315,1322,1325,1331,1334,1337,1343,1356,1359,1365,1402,1405,1411,1414,1420,1426,1432,1446,1450,1453,1459,1476,1482,1488,1499,1505,1514,1520,1524,1552,1559,1572,1602,1605,1610,1614,1621,1631,1637,1645,1651,1654,1660,1688,1694,1703,1709,1726,1733,1740,1745,1756,1762,1765,1771,1774,1778,1781,1784,1790,1823,1826,1839,1845,1849,1852,1857,1867,1870,1876,1879,1884,1888,1891,1895,1899,1905,1909,1915,1922,1928,1931,1936,1939,1943,1946,1952,1982,1985,1991,1994,2000,2011,2015,2018,2024,2029,2032,2038,2042,2045,2052,2068,2074,2077,2083,2086,2092,2096,2102,2140,2146,2152,2155,2160,2163,2169,2189,2192,2198,2201,2207,2223,2226,2232,2235,2241,2250,2253,2258,2262,2266,2269,2275,2292,2295,2298,2303,2309,2334,2344,2350,2359,2363,2366,2369,2375,2378,2384,2388,2395,2398,2407,2413,2429,2435,2438,2443,2447,2450,2456,2479,2485,2514,2517,2523,2531,2534,2540,2543,2549,2553,2559,2562,2568,2572,2578,2605,2609,2615,2621,2624,2630,2633,2638,2642,2645,2649,2653,2656,2668,2674,2678,2681,2690,2733,2737,2743,2795,2801,2804,2810,2819,2822,2827,2831,2835,2862,2866,2869,2875,2885,2891,2894,2900,2911,2917,2932,2948,2951,2963,2984,2988,2991,2994,3023,3027,3030,3049,3053,3056,3061,3069,3075,3082,3088,3091,3097,3109,3113,3126,3160,3165,3168,3174,3177,3183,3187,3194,3200,3206,3264,3268,3274,3280,3283,3289,3293,3303,3309,3313],[10,11,14],"alert",{"title":12,"type":13},"开始前","warning",[15,16,17],"p",{},"手动安装系统会改写磁盘分区和引导项。操作前请备份重要数据，并确认自己处在 UEFI 环境。",[19,20,21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,58,61],"timeline",{},[15,22,23],{},"{准备介质}",[15,25,26],{},"下载 Arch Linux ISO，制作启动盘，关闭 Secure Boot。",[15,28,29],{},"{进入 live 环境}",[15,31,32],{},"确认 UEFI 启动，联网、同步时间、配置镜像源。",[15,34,35],{},"{分区与挂载}",[15,37,38],{},"确认目标硬盘，创建 ESP 和 BTRFS 根分区，挂载子卷。",[15,40,41],{},"{安装基础系统}",[15,43,44,45,49,50,53,54,57],{},"使用 ",[46,47,48],"code",{"code":48},"pacstrap"," 安装基础包，生成 ",[46,51,52],{"code":52},"fstab","，进入 ",[46,55,56],{"code":56},"arch-chroot","。",[15,59,60],{},"{引导与桌面}",[15,62,63],{},"配置本地化、GRUB、网络、快照、驱动和 KDE Plasma。",[65,66,68],"folding",{"title":67},"安装前检查清单",[69,70,71,75,81,84,87],"ul",{},[72,73,74],"li",{},"已经备份目标磁盘上的重要文件。",[72,76,77,78,57],{},"清楚自己要操作的硬盘名称，例如 ",[46,79,80],{"code":80},"\u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1",[72,82,83],{},"电脑使用 UEFI 启动，并已关闭 Secure Boot。",[72,85,86],{},"安装时能稳定联网，或者已经准备好有线网络\u002FUSB 网络共享。",[72,88,89],{},"如果是双系统，已经确认 Windows 的 EFI 分区和数据分区位置。",[91,92,94],"h2",{"id":93},"_1-制作启动盘","1. 制作启动盘",[96,97,99],"h3",{"id":98},"_11-下载-iso-镜像","1.1 下载 ISO 镜像",[15,101,102,103,110,111,116,117,122,123,128],{},"浏览器搜索ArchLinux，找到Download页面（",[104,105,109],"a",{"href":106,"rel":107},"https:\u002F\u002Farchlinux.org\u002Fdownload\u002F",[108],"nofollow","或者通过这里直接跳转","）向下翻找到China地区镜像源，下载ISO镜像，推荐",[104,112,115],{"href":113,"rel":114},"https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.hust.edu.cn\u002Farchlinux\u002Fiso\u002F2026.01.01\u002F",[108],"hust.edu.cn","华中科技大学",[104,118,121],{"href":119,"rel":120},"https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.hust.edu.cn\u002F",[108],"开源镜像站","，选择",[104,124,127],{"href":125,"rel":126},"https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.hust.edu.cn\u002Farchlinux\u002Fiso\u002F2026.01.01\u002Farchlinux-2026.01.01-x86_64.iso",[108],"archlinux-2026.01.01-x86_64.iso","（日期可能变化）",[130,131],"link-card",{"description":132,"link":106,"title":133},"官方 ISO 下载页面，镜像日期会持续更新。","Arch Linux Downloads",[96,135,137],{"id":136},"_12-制作启动盘","1.2 制作启动盘",[15,139,140,141,146,147,152,153,158,159,164],{},"Windows 下推荐使用 ",[104,142,145],{"href":143,"rel":144},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ventoy.net\u002Fcn\u002Fdoc_start.html",[108],"Ventoy","、",[104,148,151],{"href":149,"rel":150},"https:\u002F\u002Frufus.ie\u002F",[108],"Rufus"," 或者 ",[104,154,157],{"href":155,"rel":156},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.poweriso.com\u002Fdownload.php",[108],"Power ISO","EULA 进行 U 盘刻录。三者皆为免费使用的软件。具体操作都非常简单除此之外，如果你还嫌麻烦，还可以使用更为简单的安装盘制作工具 ",[104,160,163],{"href":161,"rel":162},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.balena.io\u002Fetcher\u002F",[108],"balenaEtcher","。这里以Rufus为例",[166,167,168],"card-list",{},[69,169,170,176,181,186],{},[72,171,172,175],{},[173,174,145],"strong",{},"：适合经常换 ISO，直接把镜像复制进 U 盘即可。",[72,177,178,180],{},[173,179,151],{},"：适合一次性制作启动盘，选项直接，本文以它为例。",[72,182,183,185],{},[173,184,163],{},"：流程更简单，适合不想处理复杂选项的情况。",[72,187,188,190,191,195],{},[173,189,157],{}," ",[192,193,194],"badge",{},"text=\"EULA\"","：可用，但需要自行留意专有软件协议。",[197,198,200],"h4",{"id":199},"_121-下载-rufus","1.2.1 下载 Rufus",[15,202,203,204,208,209,216],{},"浏览器搜索Rufus（",[104,205,109],{"href":206,"rel":207},"https:\u002F\u002Frufus.ie\u002Fzh_TW\u002F#download",[108],"）向下反动找到Download选项，下载",[104,210,213],{"href":211,"rel":212},"https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fpbatard\u002Frufus\u002Freleases\u002Fdownload\u002Fv4.11\u002Frufus-4.11.exe",[108],[46,214,215],{"code":215},"rufus-4.11.exe","（随版本更新链接可能失效）",[197,218,220],{"id":219},"_122-使用-rufus-制作启动盘","1.2.2 使用 Rufus 制作启动盘",[15,222,223],{},"在这里你需要一个8G以上的U盘，当然读写速度越快越好，制作启动盘会清空U盘里面的所有数据，需要提前做好数据备份。等待制作完毕直接点击右下角的关闭即可 千万不要再点一遍开始。",[91,225,227],{"id":226},"_2-进入引导页面","2. 进入引导页面",[96,229,231],{"id":230},"_21-关闭-secure-boot安全启动","2.1 关闭 Secure Boot（安全启动）",[15,233,234],{},"根据ArchWiki介绍，Arch是不支持安全启动的，而一般电脑默认开启安全启动，所以需要先到BIOS里面关闭安全启动( Secure Boot )，注意需要先关闭Windows的快速启动（powercfg \u002Fh off）。",[10,236,239],{"title":237,"type":238},"Windows 快速启动","info",[15,240,241,242,247],{},"如果保留 Windows 双系统，可以先在管理员终端执行 ",[243,244,246],"tip",{":copy":245},"true","powercfg \u002Fh off","，避免快速启动锁住分区状态。",[15,249,250],{},"不同品牌的主板进入BIOS的方式千奇百怪，需要去浏览器上搜索一下具体的按键。关闭安全启动，并且调整启动顺序后应该就可以正常进去live环境了",[96,252,254],{"id":253},"_22-确定uefi固件启动","2.2 确定UEFI固件启动",[256,257],"pic",{"caption":258,"src":259},"主板 BIOS 固件界面","https:\u002F\u002Fjianges.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F01\u002F1768396992-image-1024x633.png",[15,261,262],{},"进入live环境后如何是以下界面说明是进入了主板的BIOS固件",[256,264],{"caption":265,"src":266},"Arch Linux UEFI 启动界面","https:\u002F\u002Fjianges.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F01\u002F1768397155-image.png",[15,268,269],{},"这个页面说明是进入了UEFI固件",[15,271,272],{},"这篇教程主要是以UEFI的方式安装，如果你的主板是只支持BIOS的老设备，在分区和安装引导的部分可能不一样，网上有很多教程可以自己查一查。",[10,274,276],{"title":275,"type":13},"本文限定环境",[15,277,278],{},"后续分区、挂载和 GRUB 配置默认基于 UEFI + GPT + BTRFS。传统 BIOS\u002FMBR 设备需要改用另一套引导方案。",[91,280,282],{"id":281},"_3正式安装预备步骤","3.正式安装（预备步骤）",[96,284,286],{"id":285},"_31-禁用-reflector-服务","3.1 禁用 reflector 服务",[15,288,289,290,293,294,297,298,301],{},"2020 年，archlinux 安装镜像中加入了 ",[46,291,292],{"code":292},"reflector"," 服务，它会自己更新 ",[46,295,296],{"code":296},"mirrorlist","（软件包管理器 ",[46,299,300],{"code":300},"pacman"," 的软件源）。在特定情况下，它会误删某些有用的源信息。这里进入安装环境后的第一件事就是将其禁用。也许它是一个好用的工具，但是很明显，因为地理上造成的特殊网络环境，这项服务并不适合启用。",[15,303,304],{},"通过以下命令将该服务禁用：",[306,307,313],"pre",{"className":308,"code":310,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"language-zsh","systemctl stop reflector.service\n","zsh","",[46,314,310],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,316,318],{"id":317},"_32-联网","3.2 联网",[15,320,321],{},"进入ISO后第一步就是先链接网络，防止网卡被禁用，使用以下命令解除网卡禁用：",[306,323,326],{"className":324,"code":325,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"rfkill unblock all\n",[46,327,325],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,329,330,333],{},[46,331,332],{"code":332},"ip a","可以列出当前的连接信息，有线网自动连接，如果没有有线网络可以通过USB分享手机网络。链接无线网络需要使用iwd提供的命令行工具。",[306,335,338],{"className":336,"code":337,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"iwctl   # 进入交互式命令行\ndevice list    # 列出无线网卡设备名，比如无线网卡看到叫 wlan0\nstation wlan0 scan    # 扫描网络\nstation wlan0 get-networks    # 列出所有 wifi 网络\nstation wlan0 connect 你的wifi名称    # 进行连接，注意这里无法输入中文。回车后输入密码即可\nexit # 连接成功后退出\n",[46,339,337],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,341,342],{},"然后我们随便ping一个网站测试网络是否正常比如：",[306,344,347],{"className":345,"code":346,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"ping -c 4 bilibili.com  #-c 4 指定次数 四次\n",[46,348,346],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,350,352],{"id":351},"_33-更新系统时钟","3.3 更新系统时钟",[15,354,355,356,359,360,363],{},"连接网络后系统后台会自动激活网络时间协议（NTP）把时间同步到UTC世界时间。我们要通过使用",[46,357,358],{"code":358},"timedatectl","来确保开启了NTP，这一步",[173,361,362],{},"不是","可选的，正确的系统时间对于部分程序来说非常重要",[306,365,368],{"className":366,"code":367,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"timedatectl set-ntp true # 将系统时间与网络时间进行同步\ntimedatectl status # 检查服务状态\n",[46,369,367],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,371,373],{"id":372},"_34-配置镜像源","3.4 配置镜像源",[306,375,378],{"className":376,"code":377,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"reflector -a 12 -c cn -f 10 --sort score --verbose --save \u002Fetc\u002Fpacman.d\u002Fmirrorlist\n",[46,379,377],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,381,383],{"title":382},"reflector 参数说明",[69,384,385,390,396,402,408,414,420],{},[72,386,387,389],{},[46,388,292],{"code":292},"：自动筛选并写入 Arch 镜像源的工具。",[72,391,392,395],{},[46,393,394],{"code":394},"-a 12","：只选择最近 12 小时内同步过的镜像。",[72,397,398,401],{},[46,399,400],{"code":400},"-c cn","：限定中国大陆镜像。",[72,403,404,407],{},[46,405,406],{"code":406},"-f 10","：从候选中取速度较快的 10 个。",[72,409,410,413],{},[46,411,412],{"code":412},"--sort score","：按综合评分排序。",[72,415,416,419],{},[46,417,418],{"code":418},"--verbose","：显示详细过程。",[72,421,422,425],{},[46,423,424],{"code":424},"--save \u002Fetc\u002Fpacman.d\u002Fmirrorlist","：把结果写入 pacman 的镜像列表。",[15,427,428],{},"然后更新数据库并安装密钥",[306,430,433],{"className":431,"code":432,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring\n",[46,434,432],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,436,438],{"title":437},"pacman -Sy archlinux-keyring 做了什么",[15,439,440,443,444,447,448,451,452,455],{},[46,441,442],{"code":442},"-S"," 是 ",[46,445,446],{"code":446},"Sync","，可以简单理解为从软件仓库同步并安装软件包；",[46,449,450],{"code":450},"y"," 会刷新本地软件包数据库；",[46,453,454],{"code":454},"archlinux-keyring"," 是 Arch Linux 的密钥包。先更新它可以减少后续安装时遇到签名校验错误的概率。",[91,457,459],{"id":458},"_4-硬盘分区","4. 硬盘分区",[96,461,463],{"id":462},"_41-明确分区状态","4.1 明确分区状态",[15,465,466],{},"首先查看当前分区情况，找到自己使用的硬盘",[306,468,471],{"className":469,"code":470,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"lsblk -pf    #-p完整列出设备名称 -f显示更多信息\n",[46,472,470],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,474,475,476,479],{},"如果不确定是不是自己使用的硬盘，可以使用 ",[46,477,478],{"code":478},"fdisk -l 设备名"," 查看该硬盘更详细的信息",[306,481,484],{"className":482,"code":483,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"fdisk -l \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1\n",[46,485,483],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,487,488,489,492,493,496,497,499,500,503,504,506],{},"出现了",[46,490,491],{"code":491},"Microsoft","或者",[46,494,495],{"code":495},"Windows","字样说明是",[46,498,495],{"code":495},"相关的分区，并且这块硬盘的第一个分区",[46,501,502],{"code":502},"EFI System","分区是",[46,505,495],{"code":495},"的启动分区，要小心操作",[15,508,509,510,513,514,517],{},"如果还不确定是不是自己想用的硬盘，可以使用 ",[46,511,512],{"code":512},"cfdisk"," 命令查看硬盘里面有没有之前预留的空间，注意",[46,515,516],{"code":516},"Size Type","的大小",[306,519,522],{"className":520,"code":521,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"cfdisk \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1\n",[46,523,521],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,525,527],{"id":526},"_42-正式分区","4.2 正式分区",[15,529,530],{},"明确使用那个硬盘之后我们使用cfdisk进行正式分区，如果你的硬盘是第一次使用会弹出几个选项让你选择分区模式，选择GPT即可",[256,532],{"caption":533,"src":534},"cfdisk 分区模式选择，本文选择 GPT","https:\u002F\u002Fjianges.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F01\u002F1768400160-image-1024x182.png",[15,536,537],{},"我们首先要创建一个启动分区（当然我们可以让windows和linux共用一个引导分区，但是windows可能会搞坏linux的引导，保险起见我们为linux创建一个独立于windows的启动分区）",[15,539,540,541,544,545,548,549,552,553],{},"使用↑↓键来选中要使用的空闲空间，←→键选择",[46,542,543],{"code":543},"new","，创建一个",[46,546,547],{"code":547},"200mb","的分区，再选择",[46,550,551],{"code":551},"type","把类型改为",[46,554,502],{"code":502},[10,556,558],{"title":557,"type":13},"分区写入前再确认",[15,559,560,561,563,564,567],{},"在 ",[46,562,512],{"code":512}," 中选择 ",[46,565,566],{"code":566},"write"," 前，再核对一次硬盘名、分区大小和分区类型。写入之后再格式化，原数据就很难恢复。",[65,569,571],{"title":570},"cfdisk 按键提示",[69,572,573,583,592,602],{},[72,574,44,575,190,579,582],{},[576,577],"key",{"code":578,":icon":245},"ArrowUp",[576,580],{"code":581,":icon":245},"ArrowDown"," 选择分区或空闲空间。",[72,584,44,585,190,588,591],{},[576,586],{"code":587,":icon":245},"ArrowLeft",[576,589],{"code":590,":icon":245},"ArrowRight"," 切换底部操作。",[72,593,594,595,597,598,601],{},"选择 ",[46,596,566],{"code":566}," 后需要输入 ",[46,599,600],{"code":600},"yes"," 才会真正写入。",[72,603,594,604,607],{},[46,605,606],{"code":606},"quit"," 退出，:key{ctrl code=\"L\" icon} 可以清屏。",[10,609,611],{"title":610,"type":13},"转换分区表会清空现有分区",[15,612,613,614,617],{},"如果看不到 GPT 选项，目标盘大概率仍是 ",[46,615,616],{"code":616},"MBR"," 分区模式。更改分区模式会清除已有分区，只有在确认目标硬盘可以被重建时才继续。",[65,619,621,628,634,643,649,656],{"title":620},"如果看到的是 MBR 分区模式",[15,622,623,624,627],{},"需要先修改成 ",[46,625,626],{"code":626},"GPT"," 分区模式才能按以下步骤操作。",[306,629,632],{"className":630,"code":631,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"fdisk \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1\n",[46,633,631],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,635,636,637,640,641,57],{},"输入 ",[46,638,639],{"code":639},"g"," 创建 ",[46,642,626],{"code":626},[306,644,647],{"className":645,"code":646,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"g\n",[46,648,646],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,650,651,652,655],{},"再输入 ",[46,653,654],{"code":654},"w"," 保存更改。",[306,657,660],{"className":658,"code":659,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"w\n",[46,661,659],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,663,665,679,707],{"title":664},"ESP 挂载点和 BTRFS 快照的关系",[15,666,667,668,671,672,675,676,57],{},"启动分区的大小取决于你要把启动分区挂载到哪一个位置，启动分区的英文名是 ",[46,669,670],{"code":670},"EFI System Partition","，简称 ",[46,673,674],{"code":674},"ESP","，也叫 ",[46,677,678],{"code":678},"EFI 分区",[15,680,681,683,684,146,687,146,690,693,694,696,697,700,701,703,704,706],{},[46,682,674],{"code":674}," 的常用挂载点有三个：",[46,685,686],{"code":686},"\u002Fboot",[46,688,689],{"code":689},"\u002Fboot\u002Fefi",[46,691,692],{"code":692},"\u002Fefi","。其中最常用的是 ",[46,695,686],{"code":686},"，但 ",[46,698,699],{"code":699},"boot"," 目录会存放内核和系统初始化相关文件，内核文件体积通常较大，如果 ",[46,702,674],{"code":674}," 挂载到 ",[46,705,686],{"code":686},"，多内核环境下可能需要 1G 甚至 2G 空间。",[15,708,709,710,713,714,716,717,719,720,703,722,724,725,727,728,730],{},"本文使用 ",[46,711,712],{"code":712},"BTRFS"," 快照。因为 ",[46,715,674],{"code":674}," 必须是 FAT 文件系统，如果希望用 ",[46,718,712],{"code":712}," 管理系统快照，就不应该把 ",[46,721,674],{"code":674},[46,723,686],{"code":686}," 下。这里选择 ",[46,726,692],{"code":692},"，让 ",[46,729,674],{"code":674}," 只存放引导相关文件。",[15,732,733,734,736],{},"然后我们来创建根分区，选中剩余空间，选择",[46,735,543],{"code":543},"，直接回车把所有空间分配到一个分区里，类型不需要更改",[10,738,740],{"title":739,"type":238},"为什么这里选 BTRFS",[15,741,742,745,746,748,749,57],{},[46,743,744],{"code":744},"EXT4"," 实用可靠，",[46,747,712],{"code":712}," 的优势是快照。对 Arch Linux 这种滚动发行版来说，快照可以在系统更新翻车时提供回滚余地，所以本文选择 ",[46,750,712],{"code":712},[15,752,753,754,756,757,759,760,762,763,766],{},"分区结束之后选择",[46,755,566],{"code":566},"保存 ，输入",[46,758,600],{"code":600},"确定保存，最后",[46,761,606],{"code":606},"保存退出 （",[46,764,765],{"code":765},"ctrl + l","清屏）",[306,768,771],{"className":769,"code":770,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"lsblk -pf    #再次列出分区信息\n",[46,772,770],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,774,775],{},"接下来要通过格式化分区建立我们需要的文件系统，注意格式化的时候一定要确认设备名没有输错！",[10,777,780],{"title":778,"type":779},"格式化会清空目标分区","error",[15,781,782,783,786,787,790],{},"下面两条命令会重建文件系统。执行前务必确认 ",[46,784,785],{"code":785},"\u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p1"," 是新的 ESP，",[46,788,789],{"code":789},"\u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p2"," 是新的根分区，不要照抄到错误硬盘。",[306,792,795],{"className":793,"code":794,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"mkfs.fat -F 32 \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p1    #把ESP格式化为FAT32\nmkfs.btrfs \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p2    #把根分区格式化为BTRFS \n",[46,796,794],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,798,799],{},"如果空间比较大的话可能需要一些时间，耐心等待一下",[96,801,803],{"id":802},"_43-创建子卷","4.3 创建子卷",[15,805,806,807],{},"子卷是BTRFS的另一个特点，作用之一是设置快照的范围。如果我们不创建子卷，那么快照的时候就会把系统数据和用户数据一起存档。",[808,809,810],"del",{},"设想一下你只想要恢复系统数据却把你熬夜写的博客也一起恢复了 功夫白费",[15,812,813],{},"为了避免这种情况发生，我们需要创建两个同级的子卷，把系统数据和用户数据分开",[306,815,818],{"className":816,"code":817,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"mount -t btrfs \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p2 \u002Fmnt    #把根分区挂载到mnt目录\n",[46,819,817],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,821,823],{"title":822},"mount 命令说明",[15,824,825,828,829,832,833,57],{},[46,826,827],{"code":827},"mount"," 是挂载命令，",[46,830,831],{"code":831},"-t"," 用来指定文件系统类型，例如这里的 ",[46,834,835],{"code":835},"btrfs",[306,837,840],{"className":838,"code":839,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"btrfs subvolume create \u002Fmnt\u002F@    #用BTRFS管理工具创建root子卷 \nbtrfs subvolume create \u002Fmnt\u002F@home    #用BTRFS管理工具创建home子卷 \n",[46,841,839],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,843,845,852,863],{"title":844},"为什么这里不单独创建 swap 分区",[15,846,847,848,851],{},"交换分区的主要用途是存储内存中的冷数据，也能在内存不够用时把硬盘当作虚拟内存，还可以用于 ",[46,849,850],{"code":850},"Hibernate"," 休眠到硬盘。",[15,853,854,855,858,859,862],{},"桌面端场景里，休眠到硬盘通常可以被 ",[46,856,857],{"code":857},"Suspend"," 睡眠取代。如果只是需要一点交换空间存放冷数据，也可以用 ",[46,860,861],{"code":861},"zram"," 把一部分内存压缩后作为交换空间。这样速度更快，也不会频繁写硬盘。",[15,864,865,866,868],{},"后面会介绍用 ",[46,867,861],{"code":861}," 配置内存压缩和交换空间。",[15,870,871],{},"再次运行lsblk -pf命令查看分区情况",[306,873,876],{"className":874,"code":875,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"lsblk -pf\n",[46,877,875],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,879,880],{},"现在是根分区挂载到了mnt， 为了把root子卷挂载到mnt我们需要先取消挂载",[306,882,885],{"className":883,"code":884,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"umount \u002Fmnt    #umount的意思是取消挂载\n",[46,886,884],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,888,889],{},"把root子卷挂载到mnt",[306,891,894],{"className":892,"code":893,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"mount -t btrfs -o subvol=\u002F@,compress=zstd \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p2 \u002Fmnt\n",[46,895,893],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,897,899,908,925],{"title":898},"BTRFS 挂载参数说明",[15,900,901,443,904,907],{},[46,902,903],{"code":903},"-o",[46,905,906],{"code":906},"option","，用来指定挂载参数，参数之间用逗号隔开。",[69,909,910,916],{},[72,911,912,915],{},[46,913,914],{"code":914},"subvol=\u002F@","：指定要挂载的子卷。",[72,917,918,921,922,57],{},[46,919,920],{"code":920},"compress=zstd","：启用透明压缩，压缩算法为 ",[46,923,924],{"code":924},"zstd",[15,926,927],{},"透明压缩会在数据写入硬盘前先压缩数据，通常可以提高读写性能、节省空间，并减少写入量。",[15,929,930],{},"接着把home子卷挂载到\u002Fmnt\u002Fhome， 由于\u002Fmnt里边没有home目录， 所以需要加上--mkdlir选项创建目录",[306,932,935],{"className":933,"code":934,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"mount --mkdir -t btrfs -o subvol=\u002F@home,compress=zstd \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p2 \u002Fmnt\u002Fhome\n",[46,936,934],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,938,939],{},"最后我们要挂载ESP",[306,941,944],{"className":942,"code":943,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"mount --mkdir \u002Fdev\u002Fnvme0n1p1 \u002Fmnt\u002Fefi\n",[46,945,943],{"__ignoreMap":312},[91,947,949],{"id":948},"_5-正式安装系统","5. 正式安装系统",[96,951,953],{"id":952},"_51安装系统","5.1安装系统",[306,955,958],{"className":956,"code":957,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacstrap -K \u002Fmnt base base-devel linux-zen linux-firmware btrfs-progs\n",[46,959,957],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,961,963,976,1008,1011],{"title":962},"pacstrap 这一步安装了什么",[15,964,965,967,968,971,972,975],{},[46,966,48],{"code":48}," 会把软件安装到指定的根目录下。",[46,969,970],{"code":970},"-K"," 用来复制密钥，",[46,973,974],{"code":974},"\u002Fmnt"," 是当前挂载的新系统根目录。",[69,977,978,984,990,996,1002],{},[72,979,980,983],{},[46,981,982],{"code":982},"base","：基础系统包。",[72,985,986,989],{},[46,987,988],{"code":988},"base-devel","：编译 AUR 助手和软件时常用。",[72,991,992,995],{},[46,993,994],{"code":994},"linux-zen","：性能特调内核。",[72,997,998,1001],{},[46,999,1000],{"code":1000},"linux-firmware","：基础固件。",[72,1003,1004,1007],{},[46,1005,1006],{"code":1006},"btrfs-progs","：BTRFS 管理工具。",[15,1009,1010],{},"如果你是 Marvell 网卡，需要额外安装：",[306,1012,1015],{"className":1013,"code":1014,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacstrap -K \u002Fmnt linux-firmware-marvell\n",[46,1016,1014],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1018,1019],{},"然后我们还需要安装一些最基本的功能性软件",[306,1021,1024],{"className":1022,"code":1023,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacstrap \u002Fmnt networkmanager vim sudo intel-ucode\n",[46,1025,1023],{"__ignoreMap":312},[10,1027,1029],{"title":1028,"type":238},"CPU 微码包二选一",[15,1030,1031,1032,1035,1036,57],{},"这里示例安装的是 ",[46,1033,1034],{"code":1034},"intel-ucode","。如果使用 AMD CPU，请把它换成 ",[46,1037,1038],{"code":1038},"amd-ucode",[65,1040,1042],{"title":1041},"基础工具说明",[69,1043,1044,1050,1056,1062],{},[72,1045,1046,1049],{},[46,1047,1048],{"code":1048},"networkmanager","：联网工具，主流桌面环境通常默认使用它。",[72,1051,1052,1055],{},[46,1053,1054],{"code":1054},"vim","：终端文本编辑器，后面要用来编辑配置文件。",[72,1057,1058,1061],{},[46,1059,1060],{"code":1060},"sudo","：普通用户提权工具。",[72,1063,1064,1066,1067,1069],{},[46,1065,1034],{"code":1034}," \u002F ",[46,1068,1038],{"code":1038},"：CPU 微码更新包。",[15,1071,1072],{},"在切换进系统前我们需要先生成fstab文件，系统在启动的时候会按照里面的内容自动完成挂载",[306,1074,1077],{"className":1075,"code":1076,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"genfstab -U \u002Fmnt > \u002Fmnt\u002Fetc\u002Ffstab\n",[46,1078,1076],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1080,1082],{"title":1081},"fstab 命令说明",[15,1083,1084,1085,1088,1089,1092,1093,1096],{},"大写 ",[46,1086,1087],{"code":1087},"-U"," 表示使用 UUID 指定分区。",[46,1090,1091],{"code":1091},">"," 代表覆盖写入目标文件，如果是 ",[46,1094,1095],{"code":1095},">>","，则代表在文件末尾追加写入。",[96,1098,1100],{"id":1099},"_52-进入新系统","5.2 进入新系统",[15,1102,1103],{},"现在用这段命令进入新安装的系统，可以注意到提示符发生了改变",[306,1105,1108],{"className":1106,"code":1107,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"arch-chroot \u002Fmnt\n",[46,1109,1107],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,1111,1113],{"id":1112},"_53-初期配置","5.3 初期配置",[197,1115,1117],{"id":1116},"_531-设置时区","5.3.1 设置时区",[306,1119,1122],{"className":1120,"code":1121,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"ln -s \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Fzoneinfo\u002FAsia\u002FShanghai \u002Fetc\u002Flocaltime\n",[46,1123,1121],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1125,1126],{},"除了手动创建链接我们还可以通过timedatectl设置时区",[306,1128,1131],{"className":1129,"code":1130,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"timedatectl set-timezone Asia\u002FShanghai\n",[46,1132,1130],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1134,1135,1136,1138],{},"运行",[46,1137,358],{"code":358},"可以看到我们时区已经变成了上海",[197,1140,1142],{"id":1141},"_532-系统的本地化设置","5.3.2 系统的本地化设置",[15,1144,1145],{},"首先用vim文本编辑器编辑etc目录下的locale.conf文件",[306,1147,1150],{"className":1148,"code":1149,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"vim \u002Fetc\u002Flocale.gen\n",[46,1151,1149],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1153,1155],{"title":1154},"Vim 最小操作表",[69,1156,1157,1163,1173,1179,1185,1191,1197],{},[72,1158,1159,1162],{},[576,1160],{"code":1161},"\u002F"," 搜索文本。",[72,1164,1165,1168,1169,1172],{},[576,1166],{"code":1167},"x"," 删除光标所在字符，适合取消行首 ",[46,1170,1171],{"code":1171},"#"," 注释。",[72,1174,1175,1178],{},[576,1176],{"code":1177},"i"," 进入编辑模式。",[72,1180,1181,1184],{},[576,1182],{"code":1183},"Escape"," 退出编辑模式。",[72,1186,1187,1190],{},[576,1188],{"code":1189},"u"," 撤销上一步修改。",[72,1192,636,1193,1196],{},[46,1194,1195],{"code":1195},":wq"," 保存并退出。",[72,1198,636,1199,1202],{},[46,1200,1201],{"code":1201},":q!"," 放弃修改并退出。",[15,1204,1205,1206,1208,1209,1212,1213,1216,1217,1219,1220,1222,1223,1208,1225,1228,1229,1216,1232,1219,1234,1236,1237,1239,1240,1243,1244,1247],{},"按下",[46,1207,1161],{"code":1161},"搜索",[46,1210,1211],{"code":1211},"en_US","回车，光标移动到",[46,1214,1215],{"code":1215},"#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8","的开头，按下",[46,1218,1167],{"code":1167},"剪切掉前面代表注释的",[46,1221,1171],{"code":1171},"号；再次按下",[46,1224,1161],{"code":1161},[46,1226,1227],{"code":1227},"zh_CN","回车 ，光标移动到",[46,1230,1231],{"code":1231},"#zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8",[46,1233,1167],{"code":1167},[46,1235,1171],{"code":1171},"号。如果你操作错误了可以按下u键撤销更改。修改完成后按下shift加分号键输入一个冒号，代表要运行命令，",[46,1238,654],{"code":654},"是保存",[46,1241,1242],{"code":1242},"q","是退出",[46,1245,1246],{"code":1246},"wq","是保存并推出，回车。",[306,1249,1252],{"className":1250,"code":1251,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],":wq\n",[46,1253,1251],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1255,1256],{},"然后运行locale-gen命令生成本地化文件",[306,1258,1261],{"className":1259,"code":1260,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"locale-gen\n",[46,1262,1260],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1264,1265],{},"接着编辑locale.conf文件设置本地化",[306,1267,1270],{"className":1268,"code":1269,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"vim \u002Fetc\u002Flocale.conf\n",[46,1271,1269],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1273,1274,1275,1278],{},"按下i键进入编辑模式，左下角会出现代表编辑模式的字样",[46,1276,1277],{"code":1277},"--INSERT--","，输入以下命令代表全局本地化使用英文",[306,1280,1283],{"className":1281,"code":1282,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"LANG=en_US.UTF-8   \n",[46,1284,1282],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1286,1287,1288,1291,1292,1294],{},"编辑完成后",[46,1289,1290],{"code":1290},"ESC","退出编辑模式",[46,1293,1195],{"code":1195},"保存并退出",[15,1296,1297],{},"接着我们编辑hostname文件设置主机名",[306,1299,1302],{"className":1300,"code":1301,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"vim \u002Fetc\u002Fhostname\n",[46,1303,1301],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1305,1306,1308],{},[46,1307,1177],{"code":1177},"键进入编辑模式，输入你喜欢的主机名",[306,1310,1313],{"className":1311,"code":1312,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"archlinux     #主机名只能包含小写字母数字0-9还有短横-\n",[46,1314,1312],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1316,1287,1317,1291,1319,1321],{},[46,1318,1290],{"code":1290},[46,1320,1195],{"code":1195},"保存并退出，我们现在已经掌握了Vim的基本操作了",[15,1323,1324],{},"下一步我们要设置root账户的密码",[306,1326,1329],{"className":1327,"code":1328,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"passwd    #不指定用户名的话默认就是修改root账户，密码存储在etc目录下的shadow文件里 \n",[46,1330,1328],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1332,1333],{},"盲输密码*2",[15,1335,1336],{},"最后我们来安装Bootloader引导加载程序",[306,1338,1341],{"className":1339,"code":1340,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S grub efibootmgr\n",[46,1342,1340],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1344,1346],{"title":1345},"为什么这里选择 GRUB",[15,1347,1348,1351,1352,1355],{},[46,1349,1350],{"code":1350},"GRUB"," 对初学者来说资料最多、兼容性最好，后面配置 Windows 共存、快照启动项和多内核启动也更方便。",[46,1353,1354],{"code":1354},"efibootmgr"," 用来管理 UEFI 固件里的 EFI 启动项。",[15,1357,1358],{},"接着使用grub-install命令安装引导",[306,1360,1363],{"className":1361,"code":1362,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=\u002Fefi --boot-directory=\u002Fefi --bootloader-id=eris\n",[46,1364,1362],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1366,1368],{"title":1367},"grub-install 参数说明",[69,1369,1370,1376,1384,1393],{},[72,1371,1372,1375],{},[46,1373,1374],{"code":1374},"--target=x86_64-efi","：指定当前设备使用 x86_64 UEFI 固件。",[72,1377,1378,1381,1382,57],{},[46,1379,1380],{"code":1380},"--efi-directory=\u002Fefi","：指定 ESP 挂载点，本文前面已经把 ESP 挂载到 ",[46,1383,692],{"code":692},[72,1385,1386,1389,1390,1392],{},[46,1387,1388],{"code":1388},"--boot-directory=\u002Fefi","：把 GRUB 文件也放进 ESP。本文的 ",[46,1391,686],{"code":686}," 位于 BTRFS 根分区，系统早期阶段写入 BTRFS 可能导致部分 GRUB 功能异常。",[72,1394,1395,1398,1399,57],{},[46,1396,1397],{"code":1397},"--bootloader-id=eris","：自定义启动项名称。不写的话通常会使用 ",[46,1400,1401],{"code":1401},"arch",[15,1403,1404],{},"由于大部分软件会默认grub的安装位置在boot目录下，我们要grub的默认位置创建一个链接指向\u002Fefi\u002Fgrub",[306,1406,1409],{"className":1407,"code":1408,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"ln -s \u002Fefi\u002Fgrub \u002Fboot\u002Fgrub    #这样对\u002Fboot\u002Fgrub的操作就会反映到\u002Fefi\u002Fgrub里\n",[46,1410,1408],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1412,1413],{},"接下来要生成grub的配置文件",[306,1415,1418],{"className":1416,"code":1417,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"grub-mkconfig    \n",[46,1419,1417],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1421,1422,1423,1425],{},"这条命令会扫描系统 生成具体的启动项和启动流程，直接运行的话结果会打印在终端，加上",[46,1424,903],{"code":903},"会将结果保存到文件",[306,1427,1430],{"className":1428,"code":1429,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"grub-mkconfig -o \u002Fboot\u002Fgrub\u002Fgrub.cfg\n",[46,1431,1429],{"__ignoreMap":312},[10,1433,1435],{"title":1434,"type":13},"修改 GRUB 后要重新生成配置",[15,1436,1437,1438,1441,1442,1445],{},"后面只要编辑了 ",[46,1439,1440],{"code":1440},"\u002Fetc\u002Fdefault\u002Fgrub","，都需要再次执行 ",[46,1443,1444],{"code":1444},"grub-mkconfig -o \u002Fboot\u002Fgrub\u002Fgrub.cfg","，否则修改不会写入最终启动配置。",[197,1447,1449],{"id":1448},"_533-windows共存","5.3.3 Windows共存",[15,1451,1452],{},"如果你安装了Windows的话接下来我们来配置双系统（两个系统在同一个物理盘内）",[306,1454,1457],{"className":1455,"code":1456,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S os-prober exfat-utils\n",[46,1458,1456],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1460,1462],{"title":1461},"Windows 共存相关软件",[69,1463,1464,1470],{},[72,1465,1466,1469],{},[46,1467,1468],{"code":1468},"os-prober","：生成 GRUB 配置时搜索其他系统。",[72,1471,1472,1475],{},[46,1473,1474],{"code":1474},"exfat-utils","：提供 exFAT 文件系统相关工具，便于识别和处理部分 Windows 分区。",[15,1477,1478,1479,1481],{},"这个时候运行",[46,1480,1468],{"code":1468},"就能找到Windows",[306,1483,1486],{"className":1484,"code":1485,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"os-prober\n",[46,1487,1485],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1489,1490,1491,1494,1495,1498],{},"然后我们需要编辑",[46,1492,1493],{"code":1493},"\u002Fetc\u002Fdefault","里面的",[46,1496,1497],{"code":1497},"grub","的源文件",[306,1500,1503],{"className":1501,"code":1502,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"vim \u002Fetc\u002Fdefault\u002Fgrub\n",[46,1504,1502],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1506,1205,1507,1510,1511,1513],{},[46,1508,1509],{"code":1509},"shift + g","键跳转到文件的最后一行， 按",[46,1512,1167],{"code":1167},"键剪切掉这行开头的注释，允许Grub在生成配置文件的时候使用os-prober搜索其他系统。推荐再配置一下启动项记忆功能，让Grub记住你在启动菜单选择的是哪一项",[306,1515,1518],{"className":1516,"code":1517,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"#取消这一行的注释 \nGRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true\n",[46,1519,1517],{"__ignoreMap":312},[197,1521,1523],{"id":1522},"_534-配置grub","5.3.4 配置GRUB",[15,1525,1526,1527,1529,1530,1533,1534,1537,1538,1540,1541,1544,1545,1548,1549,1551],{},"再按两下",[46,1528,639],{"code":639},"键跳转到文件的开头，光标移动到这里",[46,1531,1532],{"code":1532},"GRUB_DEFAULT=0"," 按下",[46,1535,1536],{"code":1536},"c","键 再按",[46,1539,654],{"code":654},"键代表",[46,1542,1543],{"code":1543},"change word"," 删除光标所在的单词并进入编辑模式输入",[46,1546,1547],{"code":1547},"saved","， 编辑完成后",[46,1550,1290],{"code":1290},"退出编辑模式。",[15,1553,1554,1555,1558],{},"然后我们要让系统启动的时候显示出日志 ",[808,1556,1557],{},"只有日志刷屏别人才知道你使用的是Arch"," 方便确认系统异常",[15,1560,1561,1563,1564,1567,1568,1291,1570,1294],{},[46,1562,1177],{"code":1177},"键进入编辑模式， 在",[46,1565,1566],{"code":1566},"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"loglevel=3 quiet\"","中编辑， 删除quiet，再把loglevel日志等级改成5， 编辑完成后",[46,1569,1290],{"code":1290},[46,1571,1195],{"code":1195},[65,1573,1575],{"title":1574},"这里修改了哪些 GRUB 选项",[69,1576,1577,1583,1589,1596],{},[72,1578,1579,1582],{},[46,1580,1581],{"code":1581},"GRUB_DEFAULT=saved","：让 GRUB 默认进入上一次选择的启动项。",[72,1584,1585,1588],{},[46,1586,1587],{"code":1587},"GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true","：保存每次手动选择的启动项。",[72,1590,1591,1592,1595],{},"删除 ",[46,1593,1594],{"code":1594},"quiet","：启动时显示更多日志。",[72,1597,1598,1601],{},[46,1599,1600],{"code":1600},"loglevel=5","：提高内核日志显示等级，方便排查启动异常。",[15,1603,1604],{},"然后再grub-mkconfig生成一次grub的配置文件",[306,1606,1608],{"className":1607,"code":1429,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,1609,1429],{"__ignoreMap":312},[197,1611,1613],{"id":1612},"_535-配置zram内存压缩和交换空间","5.3.5 配置Zram内存压缩和交换空间",[15,1615,1616,1617,1620],{},"最后我们来配置",[46,1618,1619],{"code":1619},"Zram","内存压缩和交换空间，这可以提升系统运行速度增加可用内存",[15,1622,1623,1624,1627,1628,1630],{},"先安装",[46,1625,1626],{"code":1626},"zram-generator","， 它是自动化管理",[46,1629,1619],{"code":1619},"的工具",[306,1632,1635],{"className":1633,"code":1634,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S zram-generator\n",[46,1636,1634],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1638,1639,1640,1642,1643,517],{},"然后编辑它的配置文件， 启用",[46,1641,861],{"code":861},"并配置",[46,1644,861],{"code":861},[306,1646,1649],{"className":1647,"code":1648,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"vim \u002Fetc\u002Fsystemd\u002Fzram-generator.conf\n",[46,1650,1648],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1652,1653],{},"写入以下内容",[306,1655,1658],{"className":1656,"code":1657,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"[zram0]\nzram-size = ram\ncompression-algorithm = zstd\n",[46,1659,1657],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1661,1663],{"title":1662},"zram-generator 配置说明",[69,1664,1665,1671,1680],{},[72,1666,1667,1670],{},[46,1668,1669],{"code":1669},"zram-size = ram","：设置 zram 设备的最大容量为物理内存大小。这里的容量指压缩前的数据量。",[72,1672,1673,1676,1677,1679],{},[46,1674,1675],{"code":1675},"compression-algorithm = zstd","：使用 ",[46,1678,924],{"code":924}," 压缩算法。",[72,1681,1682,1683,1685,1686,1196],{},"编辑完成后按 ",[576,1684],{"code":1183},"，输入 ",[46,1687,1195],{"code":1195},[15,1689,1690,1691],{},"保存之后我们需要编辑grub的源文件， 在内核参数里边加上 ",[46,1692,1693],{"code":1693},"zswap.enabled=0",[15,1695,1696,1697,1700,1701],{},"在",[46,1698,1699],{"code":1699},"GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"loglevel=5\"","中编辑加上",[46,1702,1693],{"code":1693},[306,1704,1707],{"className":1705,"code":1706,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"#编辑为：     （禁用zswap）\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"loglevel=5 zswap.enabled=0\"\n",[46,1708,1706],{"__ignoreMap":312},[10,1710,1712],{"title":1711,"type":238},"zram 与 zswap 二选一",[15,1713,1714,1717,1718,1720,1721,1723,1724,57],{},[46,1715,1716],{"code":1716},"zswap"," 会在数据写入交换空间前先压缩并暂存在内存中，功能上会与 ",[46,1719,861],{"code":861}," 重叠。本文已经启用 ",[46,1722,861],{"code":861},"，所以在 GRUB 内核参数里禁用 ",[46,1725,1716],{"code":1716},[15,1727,1682,1728,1685,1730,1732],{},[576,1729],{"code":1183},[46,1731,1195],{"code":1195}," 保存并退出",[15,1734,1735,1736,1739],{},"每一次编辑完grub的源文件之后都记得要重新生成",[46,1737,1738],{"code":1738},"grub.cfg"," 让修改生效",[306,1741,1743],{"className":1742,"code":1429,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,1744,1429],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1746,1747,1748,1751,1752,1755],{},"现在我们完成了所有的配置 ",[46,1749,1750],{"code":1750},"exit","退出",[46,1753,1754],{"code":1754},"chroot","环境",[306,1757,1760],{"className":1758,"code":1759,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"exit\n",[46,1761,1759],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1763,1764],{},"reboot重启",[306,1766,1769],{"className":1767,"code":1768,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"reboot\n",[46,1770,1768],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1772,1773],{},"此时会自动卸载所有的挂载，进BIOS把Arch的启动项改成第一个（默认应该会自动修改）",[197,1775,1777],{"id":1776},"_536-启用并启动-networkmanager","5.3.6 启用并启动 NetworkManager",[15,1779,1780],{},"进入系统之后登录root账户",[15,1782,1783],{},"开启networkmanager的系统服务",[306,1785,1788],{"className":1786,"code":1787,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"systemctl enable --now NetworkManager\n",[46,1789,1787],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1791,1793],{"title":1792},"systemctl 参数说明",[69,1794,1795,1805,1811,1817],{},[72,1796,1797,1800,1801,1804],{},[46,1798,1799],{"code":1799},"systemctl","：",[46,1802,1803],{"code":1803},"systemd"," 的命令行管理工具。",[72,1806,1807,1810],{},[46,1808,1809],{"code":1809},"enable","：设置服务开机自启。",[72,1812,1813,1816],{},[46,1814,1815],{"code":1815},"--now","：立即启动这个服务。",[72,1818,1819,1822],{},[46,1820,1821],{"code":1821},"NetworkManager","：服务名区分大小写。",[15,1824,1825],{},"稍作等待后运行nmtui开连接网络的TUI界面",[65,1827,1829],{"title":1828},"什么是 TUI",[15,1830,1831,1834,1835,1838],{},[46,1832,1833],{"code":1833},"TUI"," 是基于终端的用户交互界面。",[46,1836,1837],{"code":1837},"nmtui"," 可以在没有桌面的情况下用方向键和回车配置网络。",[15,1840,1841,1844],{},[46,1842,1843],{"code":1843},"↑↓","键选择第二项连接wifi， 回车键可以选择， 连接完成后ESC退出",[197,1846,1848],{"id":1847},"_537-测试网络并安装fastfetch","5.3.7 测试网络并安装fastfetch",[15,1850,1851],{},"还记得如何测试网络连接吗",[306,1853,1855],{"className":1854,"code":346,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,1856,346],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1858,1859,1860,1863,1864],{},"然后我们安装",[46,1861,1862],{"code":1862},"fastfetch","和",[46,1865,1866],{"code":1866},"cmatrix",[15,1868,1869],{},"国际惯例，fetch一下显示系统LOGO和信息",[306,1871,1874],{"className":1872,"code":1873,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"fastfetch\n",[46,1875,1873],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1877,1878],{},"恭喜我们完成了ArchLinux的手动安装 🥳",[15,1880,1881],{},[808,1882,1883],{},"当然接下来我们还有几道难关需要攻克",[91,1885,1887],{"id":1886},"_6-配置驱动和基础显示","6. 配置驱动和基础显示",[15,1889,1890],{},"在配置快照之前我们可以做一些基本的设置",[96,1892,1894],{"id":1893},"_60配置快照前的准备","6.0配置快照前的准备",[197,1896,1898],{"id":1897},"_601确认系统是最新状态","6.0.1确认系统是最新状态",[306,1900,1903],{"className":1901,"code":1902,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -Syu    #小写u代表升级所有软件\n",[46,1904,1902],{"__ignoreMap":312},[197,1906,1908],{"id":1907},"_602编辑环境变量","6.0.2编辑环境变量",[306,1910,1913],{"className":1911,"code":1912,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"vim \u002Fetc\u002Fenvironment\n",[46,1914,1912],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1916,1917,1918,1921],{},"用",[46,1919,1920],{"code":1920},"EDITOR","环境变量设置（将系统默认文本编辑器设为vim），在最后一行加入：",[306,1923,1926],{"className":1924,"code":1925,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"EDITOR=vim\n",[46,1927,1925],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1929,1930],{},"保存后用exit退出登录",[306,1932,1934],{"className":1933,"code":1759,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,1935,1759],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1937,1938],{},"重新登录让环境变量生效",[197,1940,1942],{"id":1941},"_603创建普通账户","6.0.3创建普通账户",[15,1944,1945],{},"很多软件出于安全考虑会拒绝在root权限下运行，所以普通用户是必须的",[306,1947,1950],{"className":1948,"code":1949,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"useradd -mG wheel 你的名字   \n",[46,1951,1949],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,1953,1955],{"title":1954},"普通用户和 wheel 组",[69,1956,1957,1963,1969,1979],{},[72,1958,1959,1962],{},[46,1960,1961],{"code":1961},"useradd","：创建新用户。",[72,1964,1965,1968],{},[46,1966,1967],{"code":1967},"-m","：同时创建用户的 home 目录。",[72,1970,1971,1974,1975,1978],{},[46,1972,1973],{"code":1973},"-G wheel","：把用户加入 ",[46,1976,1977],{"code":1977},"wheel"," 组。Arch 上通常通过这个组授予管理员权限。",[72,1980,1981],{},"用户名建议只使用小写英文、数字和短横线，不要用中文。",[15,1983,1984],{},"然后passwd加上用户名设置密码",[306,1986,1989],{"className":1987,"code":1988,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"passwd 你的名字\n",[46,1990,1988],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,1992,1993],{},"再运行visudo设置管理员权限",[306,1995,1998],{"className":1996,"code":1997,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"visudo\n",[46,1999,1997],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2001,2002,1208,2004,2006,2007,2010],{},[46,2003,1161],{"code":1161},[46,2005,1977],{"code":1977},"， 取消这一行的注释",[46,2008,2009],{"code":2009},"# %wheelALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL","， 记得保存",[197,2012,2014],{"id":2013},"_604-开启32位软件源","6.0.4 开启32位软件源",[15,2016,2017],{},"32位软件源对桌面端用户来说是必须的， 这需要编辑Pacman的配置文件",[306,2019,2022],{"className":2020,"code":2021,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"vim \u002Fetc\u002Fpacman.conf\n",[46,2023,2021],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2025,2026,2028],{},[46,2027,1161],{"code":1161},"键搜索multilib",[15,2030,2031],{},"取消下面两行的注释（都要取消！）",[306,2033,2036],{"className":2034,"code":2035,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"[multilib] \nInclude = \u002Fetc\u002Fpacman.d\u002Fmirrorlist\n",[46,2037,2035],{"__ignoreMap":312},[197,2039,2041],{"id":2040},"_605-添加archlinuxcn源","6.0.5 添加ArchlinuxCN源",[15,2043,2044],{},"ArchlinuxCN源和Archlinux用户仓库的效果类似， 可以方便我们安装软件",[15,2046,2047,2048,2051],{},"在文件的最底部按下",[46,2049,2050],{"code":2050},"o","键新建一行， 写入以下内容（千万不能有拼写错误）",[10,2053,2055],{"title":2054,"type":13},"软件源名称必须完全一致",[15,2056,2057,146,2060,2063,2064,2067],{},[46,2058,2059],{"code":2059},"[archlinuxcn]",[46,2061,2062],{"code":2062},"Server","、镜像地址和 ",[46,2065,2066],{"code":2066},"$arch"," 都要准确输入。这里写错会导致后续同步数据库或安装密钥失败。",[306,2069,2072],{"className":2070,"code":2071,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"[archlinuxcn]\nServer = https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.ustc.edu.cn\u002Farchlinuxcn\u002F$arch\n",[46,2073,2071],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2075,2076],{},"保存之后同步数据并安装Archlinuxcn的密钥",[306,2078,2081],{"className":2079,"code":2080,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -Sy archlinuxcn-keyring\n",[46,2082,2080],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2084,2085],{},"配置好archlinuxcn之后可以顺便下载AUR助手",[306,2087,2090],{"className":2088,"code":2089,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S yay paru\n",[46,2091,2089],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,2093,2095],{"id":2094},"_61-正式配置快照","6.1 正式配置快照",[306,2097,2100],{"className":2098,"code":2099,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S snapper snap-pac btrfs-assistant grub-btrfs inotify-tools\n",[46,2101,2099],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2103,2105],{"title":2104},"快照相关软件说明",[69,2106,2107,2113,2122,2128,2134],{},[72,2108,2109,2112],{},[46,2110,2111],{"code":2111},"snapper","：自动化管理快照的命令行工具，负责创建、查看、删除快照。",[72,2114,2115,2118,2119,2121],{},[46,2116,2117],{"code":2117},"snap-pac","：在执行 ",[46,2120,300],{"code":300}," 操作前后自动创建快照。",[72,2123,2124,2127],{},[46,2125,2126],{"code":2126},"btrfs-assistant","：图形化交互工具，也提供简单命令行，方便快照回档。",[72,2129,2130,2133],{},[46,2131,2132],{"code":2132},"grub-btrfs","：把快照启动项加入 GRUB 菜单。",[72,2135,2136,2139],{},[46,2137,2138],{"code":2138},"inotify-tools","：快照启动项更新功能的依赖。",[15,2141,2142,2143,2145],{},"开启快照启动项的",[46,2144,1803],{"code":1803},"服务 ：",[306,2147,2150],{"className":2148,"code":2149,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"systemctl enable --now grub-btrfsd\n",[46,2151,2149],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2153,2154],{},"重启一次电脑让pacman自动创建快照的功能生效",[306,2156,2158],{"className":2157,"code":1768,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,2159,1768],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2161,2162],{},"重启之后登录root账户， 创建根目录的配置",[306,2164,2167],{"className":2165,"code":2166,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"snapper -c root create-config \u002F\n",[46,2168,2166],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2170,2172],{"title":2171},"snapper 配置命令说明",[15,2173,2174,2177,2178,2181,2182,2185,2186,2188],{},[46,2175,2176],{"code":2176},"-c root"," 指定配置名为 ",[46,2179,2180],{"code":2180},"root","；",[46,2183,2184],{"code":2184},"create-config"," 会创建这份配置；最后的 ",[46,2187,1161],{"code":1161}," 表示快照范围是根目录。",[15,2190,2191],{},"然后用一样的方式创建home的配置",[306,2193,2196],{"className":2194,"code":2195,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"snapper -c home create-config \u002Fhome\n",[46,2197,2195],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2199,2200],{},"现在我们来创建第一个root快照",[306,2202,2205],{"className":2203,"code":2204,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"snapper -c root create --description \"helloworld\"\n",[46,2206,2204],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2208,2210],{"title":2209},"手动创建快照命令说明",[15,2211,2212,2215,2216,2219,2220,2222],{},[46,2213,2214],{"code":2214},"create"," 代表创建快照，",[46,2217,2218],{"code":2218},"--description"," 用来添加描述。描述写清楚之后，后续在 ",[46,2221,2126],{"code":2126}," 或 GRUB 快照菜单里会更容易识别。",[15,2224,2225],{},"home的快照也是一样的方法",[306,2227,2230],{"className":2228,"code":2229,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"snapper -c home create --description \"helloworld\"\n",[46,2231,2229],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2233,2234],{},"为了进一步让系统变得可靠， 我们要安装一个LTS长期支持内核用来备用",[306,2236,2239],{"className":2237,"code":2238,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S linux-lts\n",[46,2240,2238],{"__ignoreMap":312},[10,2242,2244],{"title":2243,"type":238},"LTS 内核是备用入口",[15,2245,2246,2249],{},[46,2247,2248],{"code":2248},"linux-lts"," 更新频率更低。系统异常时，可以在快照回档前先尝试用 LTS 内核进入系统，判断问题是否来自新内核。",[15,2251,2252],{},"然后还需要运行一次grub-mkconfig命令， 在启动菜单添加快照的入口",[306,2254,2256],{"className":2255,"code":1429,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,2257,1429],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,2259,2261],{"id":2260},"_62配置显卡驱动","6.2配置显卡驱动",[197,2263,2265],{"id":2264},"_621-nvidia显卡","6.2.1 NVIDIA显卡",[15,2267,2268],{},"首先先确认安装了自己使用的内核的头文件",[306,2270,2273],{"className":2271,"code":2272,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S --needed linux-zen-headers linux-lts-headers\n",[46,2274,2272],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2276,2278],{"title":2277},"为什么要安装内核头文件",[15,2279,2280,2283,2284,2287,2288,2291],{},[46,2281,2282],{"code":2282},"--needed"," 会跳过已经安装的软件包。",[46,2285,2286],{"code":2286},"linux-zen-headers"," 和 ",[46,2289,2290],{"code":2290},"linux-lts-headers"," 是 DKMS 编译 NVIDIA 驱动时需要的内核头文件。",[15,2293,2294],{},"浏览器搜索ArchWiki Nvidia Driver 找到N卡驱动的wiki页面， 确定自己显卡型号要安装的驱动包名",[15,2296,2297],{},"这里以50系显卡为例",[130,2299],{"description":2300,"link":2301,"title":2302},"对照 NVIDIA 显卡代号，用来判断适合的驱动包。","https:\u002F\u002Fnouveau.freedesktop.org\u002FCodeNames.html","Nouveau CodeNames",[15,2304,2305,2306],{},"对照表可知 驱动的包名是",[46,2307,2308],{"code":2308},"nvidia-open",[65,2310,2312],{"title":2311},"NVIDIA 驱动包选择",[69,2313,2314,2319,2326],{},[72,2315,2316,2318],{},[46,2317,2308],{"code":2308}," 是近年快速发展的内核模块开源 NVIDIA 驱动，兼容性通常更好。",[72,2320,2321,2322,2325],{},"不同内核对应的包后缀不同，运行 ",[46,2323,2324],{"code":2324},"uname -r"," 可以查看当前内核。",[72,2327,709,2328,2330,2331,57],{},[46,2329,994],{"code":994},"，所以选择 ",[46,2332,2333],{"code":2333},"nvidia-open-dkms",[15,2335,2336,2337,1863,2340,2343],{},"除了驱动包我们还需要安装",[46,2338,2339],{"code":2339},"nvidia-utils",[46,2341,2342],{"code":2342},"lib32-nvidia-utils"," 这是库和工具集",[306,2345,2348],{"className":2346,"code":2347,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S nvidia-open-dkms nvidia-utils lib32-nvidia-utils\n",[46,2349,2347],{"__ignoreMap":312},[10,2351,2353],{"title":2352,"type":238},"NVIDIA DKMS 编译需要等待",[15,2354,2355,2358],{},[46,2356,2357],{"code":2357},"lib32-"," 前缀代表 32 位兼容库。DKMS 编译内核模块可能需要一些时间，等待命令正常结束即可。",[197,2360,2362],{"id":2361},"_622-intel和amd显卡","6.2.2 Intel和AMD显卡",[15,2364,2365],{},"Intel和AMD显卡的驱动安装要简单很多",[15,2367,2368],{},"Intel显卡需要安装这些包 ：",[306,2370,2373],{"className":2371,"code":2372,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S mesa lib32-mesa vulkan-intel lib32-vulkan-intel\n",[46,2374,2372],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2376,2377],{},"AMD显卡需要安装这些包：",[306,2379,2382],{"className":2380,"code":2381,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S mesa lib32-mesa xf86-video-amdgpu vulkan-radeon lib32-vulkan-radeon\n",[46,2383,2381],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,2385,2387],{"id":2386},"_63-视频编解码驱动","6.3 视频编解码驱动",[15,2389,2390,2391,2394],{},"Linux上通常使用",[46,2392,2393],{"code":2393},"VAAPI","进行硬件视频加速",[15,2396,2397],{},"AMD一般不需要额外安装",[15,2399,2400,2401,152,2404],{},"Intel通常安装",[46,2402,2403],{"code":2403},"intel-media-driver",[46,2405,2406],{"code":2406},"libva-intel-driver",[306,2408,2411],{"className":2409,"code":2410,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S intel-media-driver libva-intel-driver\n",[46,2412,2410],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2414,2415,2416,2418,2419,2421,2422,2425,2426,2428],{},"N卡由",[46,2417,2339],{"code":2339},"提供， 但是为了让N卡支持",[46,2420,2393],{"code":2393},"还需要安装",[46,2423,2424],{"code":2424},"libva-nvidia-driver","提供",[46,2427,2393],{"code":2393},"翻译",[306,2430,2433],{"className":2431,"code":2432,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"pacman -S --needed nvidia-utils libva-nvidia-driver\n",[46,2434,2432],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2436,2437],{},"驱动安装完成后需要重启电脑才能生效",[306,2439,2441],{"className":2440,"code":1768,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,2442,1768],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,2444,2446],{"id":2445},"_64音视频服务和蓝牙","6.4音视频服务和蓝牙",[15,2448,2449],{},"登录普通账户",[306,2451,2454],{"className":2452,"code":2453,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S sof-firmware alsa-ucm-conf alsa-firmware\n",[46,2455,2453],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2457,2459],{"title":2458},"音频固件包说明",[69,2460,2461,2467,2473],{},[72,2462,2463,2466],{},[46,2464,2465],{"code":2465},"sof-firmware","：为现代设备提供音频固件。",[72,2468,2469,2472],{},[46,2470,2471],{"code":2471},"alsa-ucm-conf","：提供必要的 ALSA 配置文件。",[72,2474,2475,2478],{},[46,2476,2477],{"code":2477},"alsa-firmware","：为一些不常见或较旧的设备提供固件，比如采集卡。",[306,2480,2483],{"className":2481,"code":2482,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S pipewire wireplumber pipewire-pulse pipewire-alsa pipewire-jack\n",[46,2484,2482],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2486,2488],{"title":2487},"PipeWire 组件说明",[69,2489,2490,2496,2502],{},[72,2491,2492,2495],{},[46,2493,2494],{"code":2494},"pipewire","：音视频服务本体。",[72,2497,2498,2501],{},[46,2499,2500],{"code":2500},"wireplumber","：PipeWire 的会话管理器。",[72,2503,2504,146,2507,146,2510,2513],{},[46,2505,2506],{"code":2506},"pipewire-pulse",[46,2508,2509],{"code":2509},"pipewire-alsa",[46,2511,2512],{"code":2512},"pipewire-jack","：分别提供 PulseAudio、ALSA、JACK 兼容层。",[15,2515,2516],{},"启动pipewire服务",[306,2518,2521],{"className":2519,"code":2520,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"systemctl --user enable pipewire wireplumber pipewire-pulse\n",[46,2522,2520],{"__ignoreMap":312},[10,2524,2526],{"title":2525,"type":238},"--user 不需要 sudo",[15,2527,2528,2529,57],{},"这里启用的是当前用户空间的服务，所以命令前不需要加 ",[46,2530,1060],{"code":1060},[15,2532,2533],{},"安装蓝牙",[306,2535,2538],{"className":2536,"code":2537,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S bluez\n",[46,2539,2537],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2541,2542],{},"开启蓝牙服务",[306,2544,2547],{"className":2545,"code":2546,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo systemctl enable --now bluetooth\n",[46,2548,2546],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,2550,2552],{"id":2551},"_65-性能模式切换工具","6.5 性能模式切换工具",[306,2554,2557],{"className":2555,"code":2556,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S power-profiles-daemon    #这个工具几乎是各个桌面端通用的\n",[46,2558,2556],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2560,2561],{},"开启服务",[306,2563,2566],{"className":2564,"code":2565,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo systemctl enable --now power-profiles-daemon\n",[46,2567,2565],{"__ignoreMap":312},[96,2569,2571],{"id":2570},"_66-基础的字体","6.6 基础的字体",[306,2573,2576],{"className":2574,"code":2575,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S noto-fonts noto-fonts-emoji adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts\n",[46,2577,2575],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2579,2581],{"title":2580},"基础字体选择",[69,2582,2583,2589,2595],{},[72,2584,2585,2588],{},[46,2586,2587],{"code":2587},"noto-fonts","：Google 开源的基础西文字体。",[72,2590,2591,2594],{},[46,2592,2593],{"code":2593},"noto-fonts-emoji","：Emoji 字体。",[72,2596,2597,2600,2601,2604],{},[46,2598,2599],{"code":2599},"adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts","：思源黑体中文字体。也可以用 ",[46,2602,2603],{"code":2603},"pacman -Ss source-han"," 或 AUR 搜索自己偏好的中文字体包。",[96,2606,2608],{"id":2607},"_67-安装-flatpak","6.7 安装 Flatpak",[306,2610,2613],{"className":2611,"code":2612,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S flatpak\n",[46,2614,2612],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2616,2618],{"title":2617},"为什么安装 Flatpak",[15,2619,2620],{},"Flatpak 覆盖了很多桌面应用。部分软件的 Flatpak 版本比 AUR 版本更省心，例如 OBS 和 EasyEffects。",[15,2622,2623],{},"把Flathub的源换成上交大",[306,2625,2628],{"className":2626,"code":2627,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo flatpak remote-modify flathub --url=https:\u002F\u002Fmirrors.sjtu.edu.cn\u002Fflathub\n",[46,2629,2627],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2631,2632],{},"重启电脑使用新的initramfs进入系统",[306,2634,2636],{"className":2635,"code":1768,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],[46,2637,1768],{"__ignoreMap":312},[91,2639,2641],{"id":2640},"_7-安装桌面环境","7. 安装桌面环境",[15,2643,2644],{},"现在你已经做好了所有安装图形化环境前的准备",[96,2646,2648],{"id":2647},"_70-安装桌面环境前的准备","7.0 安装桌面环境前的准备",[197,2650,2652],{"id":2651},"_701-创建备份快照","7.0.1 创建备份快照",[15,2654,2655],{},"用Snapper创建root和home的快照",[10,2657,2659],{"title":2658,"type":238},"安装桌面前先留回滚点",[15,2660,2661,2662,2287,2664,2667],{},"桌面环境会安装大量包。先给 ",[46,2663,2180],{"code":2180},[46,2665,2666],{"code":2666},"home"," 各创建一个快照，后面如果显示服务、驱动或输入法配置出错，可以更容易回退。",[306,2669,2672],{"className":2670,"code":2671,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo snapper -c home create --description \"before desktop\"\nsudo snapper -c root create --description \"before desktop\"\n",[46,2673,2671],{"__ignoreMap":312},[197,2675,2677],{"id":2676},"_702-选择适合你的桌面","7.0.2 选择适合你的桌面",[15,2679,2680],{},"Linux的图形化环境太过丰富， 篇幅原因能挑出当下最热门的图形化环境进行介绍",[65,2682,2684,2687],{"title":2683},"DE 和 WM 的区别",[15,2685,2686],{},"桌面环境（Desktop Environment，简称 DE）会提供完整的桌面体验，包含窗口管理、面板、设置、文件管理器等完整组件。",[15,2688,2689],{},"窗口管理器（Window Manager，简称 WM）在 Wayland 时代也常被叫做 Wayland 合成器。它主要负责窗口管理，任务栏、系统托盘、启动器、通知等功能通常需要自己搭建。主流 WM 同时支持平铺式和堆叠式布局，占用也通常更低。",[2691,2692,2694,2704,2709,2714,2719,2728],"tab",{":tabs":2693},"[\"GNOME\",\"KDE Plasma\",\"Sway\",\"Niri\",\"Hyprland\",\"Quickshell\"]",[2695,2696,2697],"template",{"v-slot:tab1":312},[15,2698,2699,2700,2703],{},"GNOME 追求简洁，",[808,2701,2702],{},"但简洁过头显得有些简陋","，常常需要安装额外扩展来补全桌面功能。",[2695,2705,2706],{"v-slot:tab2":312},[15,2707,2708],{},"KDE Plasma 功能众多且实用，但刚上手会觉得 UI 和选项有点无从下手。本文后面以 KDE Plasma 为安装示例。",[2695,2710,2711],{"v-slot:tab3":312},[15,2712,2713],{},"Sway 是非常精简的 WM，开机后的 CPU 占用通常只有 0% - 1%，内存占用大约 500 MB 左右。",[2695,2715,2716],{"v-slot:tab4":312},[15,2717,2718],{},"Niri 也是一个很经典的 WM，占用比 Sway 高几十 MB，但提供了流畅动画和更丰富的窗口布局。",[2695,2720,2721],{"v-slot:tab5":312},[15,2722,2723,2724,2727],{},"Hyprland 是当下热门的 WM，",[808,2725,2726],{},"不接受反驳","，卖点是高度自定义，缺点是资源占用几乎接近完整桌面环境。",[2695,2729,2730],{"v-slot:tab6":312},[15,2731,2732],{},"如果你想要 WM 的独特窗口管理，但不想花大量时间自己配置，Quickshell 可以提供更接近开箱即用的桌面级 WM 体验。主流的 Quickshell 配置有 DMS 和 Noctalia。",[96,2734,2736],{"id":2735},"_71桌面环境的正式安装kde","7.1桌面环境的正式安装（KDE）",[306,2738,2741],{"className":2739,"code":2740,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S plasma konsole dolphin kate ark haruna gwenview firefox\n",[46,2742,2740],{"__ignoreMap":312},[166,2744,2745],{},[69,2746,2747,2753,2759,2765,2771,2777,2783,2789],{},[72,2748,2749,2752],{},[173,2750,2751],{},"plasma","：KDE Plasma 桌面的主要组件集合。",[72,2754,2755,2758],{},[173,2756,2757],{},"konsole","：KDE 标配终端。",[72,2760,2761,2764],{},[173,2762,2763],{},"dolphin","：KDE 标配文件管理器。",[72,2766,2767,2770],{},[173,2768,2769],{},"kate","：KDE 标配文本编辑器。",[72,2772,2773,2776],{},[173,2774,2775],{},"ark","：压缩与解压缩工具。",[72,2778,2779,2782],{},[173,2780,2781],{},"haruna","：基于 Qt 和 MPV 的视频播放器。",[72,2784,2785,2788],{},[173,2786,2787],{},"gwenview","：图片查看工具。",[72,2790,2791,2794],{},[173,2792,2793],{},"firefox","：浏览器。",[15,2796,2797,2798],{},"回车安装全部， 选择第一项",[46,2799,2800],{"code":2800},"ffmpeg",[15,2802,2803],{},"配置SDDM显示管理器开机自启",[306,2805,2808],{"className":2806,"code":2807,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo systemctl enable --now sddm\n",[46,2809,2807],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,2811,2813],{"title":2812},"显示管理器是什么",[15,2814,2815,2816,57],{},"显示管理器负责图形化登录界面和桌面会话启动。KDE Plasma 常用 ",[46,2817,2818],{"code":2818},"sddm",[15,2820,2821],{},"至此所有的系统安装已经全部结束了🥳😘",[15,2823,2824],{},[808,2825,2826],{},"但是什么软件几乎都没有安装",[96,2828,2830],{"id":2829},"_72简单的设置和应用安装","7.2简单的设置和应用安装",[197,2832,2834],{"id":2833},"_721-设置系统为中文","7.2.1 设置系统为中文",[15,2836,2837,2838,2841,2842,2845,2846,2849,2850,2853,2854,2857,2858,2861],{},"打开 ",[46,2839,2840],{"code":2840},"System Settings"," > ",[46,2843,2844],{"code":2844},"Language and Regional Settings"," > 在 ",[46,2847,2848],{"code":2848},"Language"," 中点击 ",[46,2851,2852],{"code":2852},"Add languages..."," > 选择中文加入 ",[46,2855,2856],{"code":2856},"ADD","，再拖拽到第一位 > 点击 ",[46,2859,2860],{"code":2860},"Apply"," （ 注销并重新登陆即可生效 ）",[197,2863,2865],{"id":2864},"_722-安装输入法","7.2.2 安装输入法",[15,2867,2868],{},"安装相关软件包",[306,2870,2873],{"className":2871,"code":2872,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S fcitx5-im # 输入法基础包组\nsudo pacman -S fcitx5-chinese-addons # 官方中文输入引擎\n",[46,2874,2872],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2876,2877,2878,2881,2882],{},"设置环境变量。在这里我们通过使用",[46,2879,2880],{"code":2880},"nano","来写入环境变量 ",[46,2883,2884],{"code":2884},"~\u002F.config\u002Fenvironment.d\u002Fim.conf",[306,2886,2889],{"className":2887,"code":2888,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo pacman -S nano    #安装nano\nmkdir -p ~\u002F.config\u002Fenvironment.d\nnano ~\u002F.config\u002Fenvironment.d\u002Fim.conf\n",[46,2890,2888],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2892,2893],{},"在文件中加入以下内容并保存退出：",[306,2895,2898],{"className":2896,"code":2897,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"# fix fcitx problem\nGTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx\nQT_IM_MODULE=fcitx\nXMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx\nSDL_IM_MODULE=fcitx\nGLFW_IM_MODULE=ibus\n",[46,2899,2897],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,2901,2837,2902,2841,2905,2841,2908],{},[46,2903,2904],{"code":2904},"系统设置",[46,2906,2907],{"code":2907},"区域设置",[46,2909,2910],{"code":2910},"输入法",[15,2912,2913,2914],{},"点击提示信息中的 ",[46,2915,2916],{"code":2916},"运行 Fcitx",[15,2918,2919,2920,2923,2924,2927,2928,2931],{},"点击 ",[46,2921,2922],{"code":2922},"添加输入法"," > 找到简体中文下的 ",[46,2925,2926],{"code":2926},"Pinyin"," > 点击 ",[46,2929,2930],{"code":2930},"添加"," 即可加入拼音输入法",[15,2933,2934,2935,2937,2938,2287,2941,2944,2945],{},"接下来点击 ",[46,2936,2926],{"code":2926}," 右侧的配置按钮 > 点选 ",[46,2939,2940],{"code":2940},"云拼音",[46,2942,2943],{"code":2943},"在程序中显示预编辑文本"," > 最后点击 ",[46,2946,2947],{"code":2947},"应用",[15,2949,2950],{},"注销重启即可",[10,2952,2954],{"title":2953,"type":238},"输入法主题可以换成 Breeze",[15,2955,2956,2957,2962],{},"默认输入法主题不太协调，",[104,2958,2961],{"href":2959,"rel":2960},"https:\u002F\u002Fplanet.kde.org\u002Fweng-xuetian-2022-07-04-fcitx-5-plasma-theme-support\u002F",[108],"内置的 Breeze"," 和 KDE Plasma 更搭。",[15,2964,2837,2965,2841,2967,2841,2969,2841,2971,2841,2974,2841,2977,2980,2981],{},[46,2966,2904],{"code":2904},[46,2968,2907],{"code":2907},[46,2970,2910],{"code":2910},[46,2972,2973],{"code":2973},"配置附加组件",[46,2975,2976],{"code":2976},"经典用户界面的⚙️",[46,2978,2979],{"code":2979},"主题"," >",[46,2982,2983],{"code":2983},"KDE Plasma (Experimental)",[197,2985,2987],{"id":2986},"_723-以空会话启动","7.2.3 以空会话启动",[15,2989,2990],{},"默认情况下，KDE 桌面环境中关机之后再开机会恢复先前保存的对话（如浏览器没有关掉，那么开机之后浏览器还在）。",[15,2992,2993],{},"如果你不喜欢这样，请按照以下步骤设置：",[2995,2996,2997,3008,3018],"ol",{},[72,2998,2837,2999,3001,3002,2841,3005],{},[46,3000,2904],{"code":2904}," > 点击侧栏 ",[46,3003,3004],{"code":3004},"开机与关机",[46,3006,3007],{"code":3007},"桌面会话",[72,3009,3010,3011,3014,3015],{},"将 ",[46,3012,3013],{"code":3013},"登入时"," 的选项改为 ",[46,3016,3017],{"code":3017},"以空会话启动",[72,3019,2919,3020,3022],{},[46,3021,2947],{"code":2947}," 保存设置",[197,3024,3026],{"id":3025},"_724-触控板","7.2.4 触控板",[15,3028,3029],{},"一般情况下，libinput 已经安装到你的电脑，触摸板应该可用。",[15,3031,3032,3033,146,3036,3039,3040,3001,3042,2841,3045,3048],{},"但是默认情况下，触摸板并不启用 ",[46,3034,3035],{"code":3035},"轻触点击",[46,3037,3038],{"code":3038},"自然滚动"," 等功能，打开 ",[46,3041,2904],{"code":2904},[46,3043,3044],{"code":3044},"输入设备",[46,3046,3047],{"code":3047},"触摸板"," 来修改你想要的触摸板行为。",[197,3050,3052],{"id":3051},"_725-安装-windows-字体","7.2.5 安装 Windows 字体",[15,3054,3055],{},"Windows 字体不仅日常可能会使用到，还可以让部分需要这些字体的应用（如 Wine）显示字体不会乱码。",[69,3057,3058],{},[72,3059,3060],{},"从本地 Windows 获取字体文件",[2995,3062,3063,3066],{},[72,3064,3065],{},"首先需要挂载 Windows 下的 C 盘所在分区。若分区为 Bitlocker 上锁分区，可通过 Dolphin 使用对应的恢复密钥解锁",[72,3067,3068],{},"建立 archlinux 下存放 Windows 字体的文件夹",[306,3070,3073],{"className":3071,"code":3072,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"sudo mkdir \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Ffonts\u002FWindowsFonts\n",[46,3074,3072],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,3076,3077,3078,3081],{},"进入 Windows 的 ",[46,3079,3080],{"code":3080},"Fonts"," 文件夹，将字体复制到建立的文件夹并设置合理的权限：",[306,3083,3086],{"className":3084,"code":3085,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"cd \u002Fpath\u002Fto\u002FC:\u002FWindows\u002FFonts # 或者通过 Dolphin 在此文件夹下右键 > 点击 打开终端\nsudo cp .\u002F* \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Ffonts\u002FWindowsFonts\nsudo chmod 755 \u002Fusr\u002Fshare\u002Ffonts\u002FWindowsFonts\u002F* # 设置合理的权限\n",[46,3087,3085],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,3089,3090],{},"刷新字体：",[306,3092,3095],{"className":3093,"code":3094,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"fc-cache -vf # -v：显示过程\n",[46,3096,3094],{"__ignoreMap":312},[65,3098,3100,3103],{"title":3099},"也可以从 AUR 安装 Windows 字体",[15,3101,3102],{},"通过以下命令安装 Windows 11 的中文字体：",[306,3104,3107],{"className":3105,"code":3106,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"yay -S ttf-ms-win11-auto-zh_cn    # 原理是网络挂载 Windows 11 安装镜像并从中提取字体文件\n",[46,3108,3106],{"__ignoreMap":312},[197,3110,3112],{"id":3111},"_726-其他软件安装","7.2.6 其他软件安装",[15,3114,3115,3116,3119,3120,3125],{},"其他软件的安装我们主要通过",[46,3117,3118],{"code":3118},"AUR","来完成, 下面以 ",[173,3121,3122],{},[46,3123,3124],{"code":3124},"yay"," 为例演示",[65,3127,3129,3138],{"title":3128},"AUR、CN、EULA 角标说明",[15,3130,3131,3133,3134,3137],{},[46,3132,3118],{"code":3118},"（Arch User Repository）是 Arch Linux 社区维护的非官方软件仓库，用来补充官方仓库。用户提交 ",[46,3135,3136],{"code":3136},"PKGBUILD","，其他用户通过它编译、安装软件。",[69,3139,3140,3146,3153],{},[72,3141,3142,3145],{},[192,3143,3118],{"link":3144},"https:\u002F\u002Faur.archlinux.org\u002F","：来自 AUR，不在 Arch 官方支持范围内，可能出现更新不及时、无法安装或运行异常。",[72,3147,3148,3152],{},[192,3149,3151],{"link":3150},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.archlinuxcn.org\u002Farchlinux-cn-repo-and-mirror\u002F","CN","：来自 Arch Linux 中文社区仓库，也不属于 Arch 官方仓库。",[72,3154,3155,3159],{},[192,3156,3158],{"link":3157},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gnu.org\u002Fproprietary\u002Fproprietary.html","EULA","：专有软件，需要自行判断是否接受协议和使用风险。",[3161,3162,3164],"h5",{"id":3163},"_7261-搜索-aur-包","7.2.6.1 搜索 AUR 包",[15,3166,3167],{},"搜索包名或关键词（支持正则匹配）：",[306,3169,3172],{"className":3170,"code":3171,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"yay -Ss 关键词  # 搜索官方仓库 + AUR 包（-s 表示搜索，-S 无实际意义）\n# 示例：搜索 neovim 相关的 AUR 包\nyay -Ss wechat\n",[46,3173,3171],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,3175,3176],{},"输出示例：",[306,3178,3181],{"className":3179,"code":3180,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"aur\u002Fxchat-bin 1.0.0-6 (+0 0.00) \n    Unofficial WeChat client side built with React18 + Vite4, MobX and Electron27.(Prebuilt version.Use system-wide electron)使用 React18+Vite4、MobX 和 Electron27 构建的非官方WeChat微信客户端\naur\u002Fplasma-wechat-toggle 1.0.0-1 (+0 0.00) \n    Toggle WeChat window on KDE Plasma Wayland\naur\u002Foba-live-tool-git 1.5.9.r0.g6c9ec63-1 (+0 0.00) \n    Live delivery tool,support Douyin,Buyin,Douyin group buying,Xiaohongshu Qianfan,WeChat Channels platform,can automatically pop up windows,automatically speak,AI help reply(Use system-wide electron)\naur\u002Fmatrix-wechat-git 0.1.0.r2.g9abc502-6 (+0 0.00) (孤包) \n    A Matrix-WeChat puppeting bridge\naur\u002Felectronic-wechat 2.3.3-1 (+2 0.00) \n    Better WeChat client under Linux. Which used system Electron and removed the useless content in the package\naur\u002Ffake-deepin-file-manager 1.0-2 (+0 0.00) \n    Workaround the Show in Folder functionality for wechat\naur\u002Fmejituu-wine8 8.16_plus_Mejituu_2024012516-1 (+1 0.00) \n    wine8 for Wechat (Mejituu version)\naur\u002Ffcitx5-theme-wechat 0.0.1-1 (+1 0.03) \n    WeChat style fcitx5 theme\naur\u002Felectronic-wechat-uos-bin 2.3.2-11 (+13 0.00) \n    Linux下更好用的微信客户端. 更多功能, 更少bug. 使用系统Electron并利用UOS请求头修复了登陆问题.\naur\u002Fcom.qq.weixin.spark 3.9.10deepin1.1-1 (+31 0.00) \n    Tencent WeChat Client from Spark Store\naur\u002Fwechat-callout-git r4.94f9e6c-1 (+0 0.00) \n    微信窗口快捷键唤出\u002F隐藏\naur\u002Fwechat-devtools-appimage 1.06.2412050-2 (+1 0.00) (过时的: 2025-06-20) \n    The development tools for wechat projects\naur\u002Fwechat-devtools-bin 2:1.06.2412050_2-2 (+0 0.00) \n    WeChat Devtools For Linux.\naur\u002Fwechat-backup 1.0.0-2 (+0 0.00) (孤包) \n    微信聊天记录持久化备份本地硬盘，释放手机存储空间。\naur\u002Fwechat-devtools-git 2.01.2510260-3 (+3 0.00) \n    WeChat Devtools For Linux.\naur\u002Fwechatircd-git r85.bb8f354-1 (+0 0.00) \n    IRC server capable of controlling Web WeChat\naur\u002Fwechat-devtools 2:1.06.2308310-1 (+22 0.00) (孤包) (过时的: 2024-03-02) \n    WeChat Devtools For Linux.\naur\u002Fwechat-bin 4.1.0.13-1 (+15 2.51) (已安装)\n    微信是一种生活方式. This is a repackage of WeChat.\naur\u002Fwechat-universal-bwrap 4.1.0.13-1 (+137 1.32) \n    WeChat (Universal) with bwrap sandbox\naur\u002Fwechat-appimage 4.1.0-2 (+19 3.29) \n    Wechat for Linux\narchlinuxcn\u002Fwine-for-wechat-debug 11.0-1 (181.3 MiB 1.1 GiB) \n    Detached debugging symbols for wine-for-wechat\narchlinuxcn\u002Fwine-for-wechat 11.0-1 (56.2 MiB 502.6 MiB) \n    A patched version of Wine for running Wechat and Netease Music without persistent shadow windows\naur\u002Fwechat 1:10-1 (+48 0.25) \n    Fixes and optional sandbox for WeChat.\n",[46,3182,3180],{"__ignoreMap":312},[3161,3184,3186],{"id":3185},"_7262-安装-aur-包","7.2.6.2 安装 AUR 包",[15,3188,3189,3190,3193],{},"基本语法：",[46,3191,3192],{"code":3192},"yay -S 包名","（自动处理依赖、构建、安装）。",[15,3195,3196,3197,1800],{},"示例：安装 ",[46,3198,3199],{"code":3199},"wechat-bin",[306,3201,3204],{"className":3202,"code":3203,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"yay -S wechat-bin\n",[46,3205,3203],{"__ignoreMap":312},[19,3207,3208,3211,3218,3221,3231,3234,3241,3244,3251,3254],{},[15,3209,3210],{},"{拉取源码}",[15,3212,3213,3215,3216,57],{},[46,3214,3124],{"code":3124}," 拉取 AUR 仓库源码，其中包含 ",[46,3217,3136],{"code":3136},[15,3219,3220],{},"{检查构建脚本}",[15,3222,3223,3224,3227,3228,3230],{},"提示“是否编辑 PKGBUILD？”。普通使用可以选 ",[46,3225,3226],{"code":3226},"n","，首次安装不熟悉的软件建议选 ",[46,3229,450],{"code":450}," 检查内容。",[15,3232,3233],{},"{安装依赖}",[15,3235,3236,3237,3240],{},"自动执行类似 ",[46,3238,3239],{"code":3239},"makepkg -s"," 的依赖安装流程。",[15,3242,3243],{},"{构建软件包}",[15,3245,3246,3247,3250],{},"调用 ",[46,3248,3249],{"code":3249},"makepkg"," 构建二进制包。",[15,3252,3253],{},"{安装结果}",[15,3255,3246,3256,3259,3260,3263],{},[46,3257,3258],{"code":3258},"pacman -U"," 安装生成的 ",[46,3261,3262],{"code":3262},".pkg.tar.zst"," 包。",[3161,3265,3267],{"id":3266},"_7263-更新-aur-包","7.2.6.3 更新 AUR 包",[15,3269,3270,3271,3273],{},"AUR 包需手动更新，",[46,3272,3124],{"code":3124}," 可一键更新系统（官方 + AUR）：",[306,3275,3278],{"className":3276,"code":3277,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"yay  # 等价于 yay -Syu（-y 更新数据库，-u 升级包）\n",[46,3279,3277],{"__ignoreMap":312},[15,3281,3282],{},"仅更新 AUR 包（不更新官方仓库）：",[306,3284,3287],{"className":3285,"code":3286,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"yay -Sua  # -a 仅处理 AUR 包\n",[46,3288,3286],{"__ignoreMap":312},[3161,3290,3292],{"id":3291},"_7264-卸载-aur-包","7.2.6.4 卸载 AUR 包",[15,3294,3295,3296,3298,3299,3302],{},"与 ",[46,3297,300],{"code":300}," 语法一致，使用 ",[46,3300,3301],{"code":3301},"-Rns"," 清除依赖和配置文件：",[306,3304,3307],{"className":3305,"code":3306,"language":311,"meta":312},[309],"yay -Rns wechat-bin  # -R 卸载，-n 清除配置，-s 清除未被依赖的依赖\n",[46,3308,3306],{"__ignoreMap":312},[3161,3310,3312],{"id":3311},"_7265-其他常用操作","7.2.6.5 其他常用操作",[3314,3315,3316,3333],"table",{},[3317,3318,3319],"thead",{},[3320,3321,3322,3328],"tr",{},[3323,3324,3325],"th",{},[173,3326,3327],{},"功能",[3323,3329,3330],{},[173,3331,3332],{},"命令（yay）",[3334,3335,3336,3355,3369,3386],"tbody",{},[3320,3337,3338,3342],{},[3339,3340,3341],"td",{},"查看已安装 AUR 包",[3339,3343,3344,3347,3348,3351,3352,3354],{},[46,3345,3346],{"code":3346},"yay -Qm","（",[46,3349,3350],{"code":3350},"-Q"," 列出已安装，",[46,3353,1967],{"code":1967}," 来自 AUR）",[3320,3356,3357,3360],{},[3339,3358,3359],{},"查看包详细信息",[3339,3361,3362,3347,3365,3368],{},[46,3363,3364],{"code":3364},"yay -Qi 包名",[46,3366,3367],{"code":3367},"-Qi"," 显示本地包信息）",[3320,3370,3371,3374],{},[3339,3372,3373],{},"清理构建缓存",[3339,3375,3376,3347,3379,3382,3383,3385],{},[46,3377,3378],{"code":3378},"yay -Sc",[46,3380,3381],{"code":3381},"-c"," 清理，",[46,3384,442],{"code":442}," 无意义）",[3320,3387,3388,3391],{},[3339,3389,3390],{},"强制重建包",[3339,3392,3393],{},[46,3394,3395],{"code":3395},"yay -S --rebuild 包名",{"title":312,"searchDepth":3397,"depth":3397,"links":3398},4,[3399,3408,3412,3418,3423,3436,3455],{"id":93,"depth":3400,"text":94,"children":3401},2,[3402,3404],{"id":98,"depth":3403,"text":99},3,{"id":136,"depth":3403,"text":137,"children":3405},[3406,3407],{"id":199,"depth":3397,"text":200},{"id":219,"depth":3397,"text":220},{"id":226,"depth":3400,"text":227,"children":3409},[3410,3411],{"id":230,"depth":3403,"text":231},{"id":253,"depth":3403,"text":254},{"id":281,"depth":3400,"text":282,"children":3413},[3414,3415,3416,3417],{"id":285,"depth":3403,"text":286},{"id":317,"depth":3403,"text":318},{"id":351,"depth":3403,"text":352},{"id":372,"depth":3403,"text":373},{"id":458,"depth":3400,"text":459,"children":3419},[3420,3421,3422],{"id":462,"depth":3403,"text":463},{"id":526,"depth":3403,"text":527},{"id":802,"depth":3403,"text":803},{"id":948,"depth":3400,"text":949,"children":3424},[3425,3426,3427],{"id":952,"depth":3403,"text":953},{"id":1099,"depth":3403,"text":1100},{"id":1112,"depth":3403,"text":1113,"children":3428},[3429,3430,3431,3432,3433,3434,3435],{"id":1116,"depth":3397,"text":1117},{"id":1141,"depth":3397,"text":1142},{"id":1448,"depth":3397,"text":1449},{"id":1522,"depth":3397,"text":1523},{"id":1612,"depth":3397,"text":1613},{"id":1776,"depth":3397,"text":1777},{"id":1847,"depth":3397,"text":1848},{"id":1886,"depth":3400,"text":1887,"children":3437},[3438,3445,3446,3450,3451,3452,3453,3454],{"id":1893,"depth":3403,"text":1894,"children":3439},[3440,3441,3442,3443,3444],{"id":1897,"depth":3397,"text":1898},{"id":1907,"depth":3397,"text":1908},{"id":1941,"depth":3397,"text":1942},{"id":2013,"depth":3397,"text":2014},{"id":2040,"depth":3397,"text":2041},{"id":2094,"depth":3403,"text":2095},{"id":2260,"depth":3403,"text":2261,"children":3447},[3448,3449],{"id":2264,"depth":3397,"text":2265},{"id":2361,"depth":3397,"text":2362},{"id":2386,"depth":3403,"text":2387},{"id":2445,"depth":3403,"text":2446},{"id":2551,"depth":3403,"text":2552},{"id":2570,"depth":3403,"text":2571},{"id":2607,"depth":3403,"text":2608},{"id":2640,"depth":3400,"text":2641,"children":3456},[3457,3461,3462],{"id":2647,"depth":3403,"text":2648,"children":3458},[3459,3460],{"id":2651,"depth":3397,"text":2652},{"id":2676,"depth":3397,"text":2677},{"id":2735,"depth":3403,"text":2736},{"id":2829,"depth":3403,"text":2830,"children":3463},[3464,3465,3466,3467,3468,3469],{"id":2833,"depth":3397,"text":2834},{"id":2864,"depth":3397,"text":2865},{"id":2986,"depth":3397,"text":2987},{"id":3025,"depth":3397,"text":3026},{"id":3051,"depth":3397,"text":3052},{"id":3111,"depth":3397,"text":3112,"children":3470},[3471,3473,3474,3475,3476],{"id":3163,"depth":3472,"text":3164},5,{"id":3185,"depth":3472,"text":3186},{"id":3266,"depth":3472,"text":3267},{"id":3291,"depth":3472,"text":3292},{"id":3311,"depth":3472,"text":3312},[3478],"技术","2026-01-16 14:13:44","本文系统性地介绍了在 UEFI 环境下使用 BTRFS 文件系统手动安装 Arch Linux 的完整流程，涵盖启动盘制作、网络与镜像配置、磁盘分区、基础系统安装、引导配置以及显卡与系统优化等关键步骤，适合希望深入理解 Arch Linux 安装与系统结构的用户参考。",false,"md","https:\u002F\u002Fjianges.com\u002Fwp-content\u002Fuploads\u002F2026\u002F01\u002F1768551164-20260116161217_381_30-scaled.png",{"slots":3485},{},true,"\u002F2026\u002Farchlinux",null,{"text":3490,"minutes":3491,"time":3492,"words":3493},"44 min read",43.01,2580600,8602,{"title":5,"description":3480},{"loc":3487},"posts\u002F2026\u002FArchLinux手动安装指北",[3498,3499,3500],"系统","教程","Archlinux","tech","2026-02-02 15:27:23","gZXI8zbBvPAQaTgtoQWFah-wJDfUfT4I7agb_38gwJI",[3505,3510],{"title":3506,"path":3507,"stem":3508,"date":3509,"type":3501,"children":-1},"大学生心理健康目录","\u002F2026\u002Fmental-health-index","posts\u002F2026\u002F大学生心理健康目录","2026-01-13 09:52:50",{"title":3511,"path":3512,"stem":3513,"date":3514,"type":3515,"children":-1},"返魂书 · 分野录","\u002F2026\u002Ffen-ye-lu","posts\u002F2026\u002F返魂书-分野录","2026-02-17 16:12:39","story",1786256778265]